Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration. The sterility of this line is conditioned by the interaction of two genes, i. Pollen sterility in which male sterile individuals differ from normal only in the absence or extreme scarcity of functional pollen grains the most common and the only one that has played a major role in plant breeding structural or staminal male sterility in which male flowers or. We have also shown that antisense rna inactivation of this unique gene of plant origin leads to nuclear male sterility in arabidopsis and brassica vegetable cauliflower. Models for the evolution of gynodioecy that consider nuclear inheritance of male sterility find that females can only spread in populations if they are more. Plant breeding david luckett and gerald halloran what is. The aim of this report is to present an overview of traditional plant breeding. Definition, aim, objectives and scope of plant breeding definition. Brassicaceae crops display strong hybrid vigor, and have long been subject to f 1 hybrid breeding. However, some cropsincluding bananas, apples, cassava, and sugar cane reproduce vegetatively, especially those that are fully sterile without seeds. Publication date 1942 topics technology, agriculture and related sciences and techniques. Applications of genie male sterility in plant breeding. Welcome to the plant breeding and genetics section in the school of integrative plant science.
Download a pdf of statistical genetics and plant breeding by the national research council for free. An abnormality at any point in this process may lead to sterility. Applications of genic male sterility in plant breeding. In plants, male sterility can be caused either by mitochondrial genes with coupled nuclear genes or by nuclear genes alone. This area thus has a tremendous potential in plant breeding. Male sterility is needed for the production of f1 hybrid seed. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms, a condition under which a plant is unable to produce functional pollen, is widespread among higher plants.
Thus, the perturbation of the carbohydrate supply provides a subtle although highly efficient biotechnological method to engineer male sterility in. Gms occurs widely in plant and in given plant species several different ms gene act monogenically to produced male sterility. Methods of plant breeding by hayes, herbert kendall. Male sterility has meanwhile been identified in over 150 plant species. Identification of closely linked genes for anthocyanin plant colour and male sterility in sunflower and the breeding of. In cotton, gms has been reported in upland, egyptian and arboreum cottons.
Traditional and modern plant breeding methods with. The new variety may have higher yield, improved grain quality, increased disease resistance, or be less prone to lodging. The merits and demerits of gms are presented below. Male sterility and its importance in breeding heterosis. Finally, approaches to genetically engineering male sterility in higher plants are discussed. Today, two natural sources of male sterility present in the genetic diversity are mainly used by breeders in their breeding programs. The basic contribution of gms is that it provides a. Mechanisms of genic male sterility abstract for normal sexual reproductive development, coordination must occur between both male and female organ ontogeny. Tissue culture can be used to obtain virusfree material for further use. The ability to control the fertility of hybrid progeny has many advantages to farmers and breeders.
We have created nuclear male sterility through genetic engineering of anther specific gene, bcp1. The basic contribution of gms is that it provides a means of genetic emasculation which can be applied for the massive production of hybrids. The importance of male sterility as a means of breeding heterosis varieties is indicated and the advantages attached to the use of ms, and the problems arising from it, are discussed. Principles of plant genetics and breeding kindle edition by george acquaah. Utilization of male sterility male sterility has important application in the development of hybrids in plant breeding. Pdf male sterility and fertility restoration in crops. Revolutionary developments in plant genetics and genomics and. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a common feature encountered in plant species. Mechanisms of genic male sterility iowa state university. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Like any other morphological traits, particularly mono and oligogenic, this type of male sterility occurs in plant due to mutation of the fertility locus, situated on chromosomes within the nucleus.
Even though sterility can be produced by chemicals, ionizing radiation, genetic engineering, etc. In tetraploid cotton, male sterility is governed by both recessive and dominant genes. This is great if you have plant breeding facilities and genetic material to work with but most of us farm scale breeders probably dont have these resources. Cytoplasmic male sterility and mitochondrial metabolism in. Plant breeding can be accomplished through many different techniques ranging from simply selecting plants with desirable characteristics for propagation, to more complex molecular techniques. Unesco eolss sample chapters soils, plant growth and crop production vol. The initial discovery of cytoplasmic male sterile cms threeline system made it possible to produce. The 2 main fields of application, the production of hybrid seed and interspecific and intraspecific hybridization and backcrossing for crop improvement, are discussed. Chemically induced male sterility, a new tool in plant.
Plant breeding download book free computer books download. Male sterility in three crop lupinus species, plant. Rs1046ab is a genic male sterile twotype line in rapeseed that has great potential for hybrid seed production. This feature has great agronomic value for the production of hybrid seeds and has been widely used in crops, such as corn, rice. Male sterility and its typesplant breeding for any. The failure of pollen formation results in male sterile plants. Pdf applications of genie male sterility in plant breeding. Cms and gms facilitate hybrid seed production for many crops and thus allow breeders to harness yield gains associated with hybrid vigor heterosis. Plants of red clover, white clover, beets, turnips and perennial ryegrass were sprayed with solutions of na 2. However, male sterility governed by recessive genes is used in practical plant breeding. The inability of a plant with functional pollen to set seeds when self pollinated is called self incompatibility. Essentials of plant breeding was written as a textbook for a. The section of plant breeding and genetics in the college of agriculture and life sciences is a center of excellence for classical plant breeding, as well as molecular approaches to crop improvement and creation of superior agricultural, horticultural, and ornamental varieties.
It occurs spontaneously in natural populations and may be caused by genes encoded in the nuclear genic male sterility. All three types of male sterility are used in crop improvement programmes. It shows nonmendelian inheritance, with male sterility inherited maternally. Genotypic a genetic male sterility gms also called as nuclear male sterility. Cytoplasmic male sterility is an important area of plant breeding and crop research. Statistical genetics and plant breeding the national. Male sterility in plants genetics biology discussion. The basic contribution of gms is that it provides a means of genetic emasculation which can be. Male sterility in pearl millet for heterosis breeding authorstream presentation. Thus the numerical values as well as the parameters in statements must be separated by at least one blank.
Cms is caused by mitochondrial encoded factors which can be counteracted by nuclear encoded factors restoring male fertility. The antisense expression of nin88 leads to male sterility in the transgenic plants that are normal in all aspects of plant growth and development except for failure to produce functional pollen. Male sterility and somatic hybridization in plant breeding. Find plant breeding stock images in hd and millions of other royalty free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the shutterstock collection.
Cms is a maternally inherited trait encoded in the mitochondrial genome. Traditional and modern plant breeding methods with examples in rice oryza sativa l. Gms can be used for the development of commercial hybrids in both seed propagated and vegetatively propagated crop plants. Pdf male sterility in vegetable crops researchgate. In this case, cytoplasm is not involved in bringing the sterility. Hybrid breeding food and agriculture organization of the united. Either male sterility is controlled by genes of the nucleus. Plant breeding and genetics encyclopedia of life support. Cytoplasmic male sterility, as the name indicates, is under extranuclear genetic control under control of the mitochondrial or plastid genomes. The book demonstrates that ppb is in essence no different from conventional plant breeding, being based on the very same principles of mendelian, quantitative and population genetics, and therefore has complemented the. Read male sterility in three crop lupinus species, plant breeding on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at. It is contented that the rarely occuring types of plasmatically inherited ms offer good possibilities of utilization in the case of cross fertilized plants. Male sterility in tomato lycopersicon esculentum mill. Organizational aspects of a plant breeding programme.
Crop science abstract mechanisms of genic male sterility view my binders this article in cs. It is the result of a genomic conflict between the mitochondrial and the nuclear genomes. Thousands of new, highquality pictures added every day. Absence, atrophy, mis or mal formation of male organs in a normal bisexual plant. Crisprcas genome editing and precision plant breeding in agriculture.
Genetically engineered male sterility may be applied to any crop, including those crops where cms systems are not available or are unreliable. Plabstat may be read as plant breeding statistical program or alternatively as. In some crop plants male sterile mutants occur in which inheritance of male sterility follows one of the following two patterns. In plants, male sterility can be caused either by mitochondrial genes with coupled. Everything you need to know about selfincompatibility and male sterility in plants. Failure to develop normal microsporogenous tissue, anomalies in microsporogenesis yielding imperfect inviable deformed or aborted pollen. Principles of plant genetics and breeding 2, george. International journal of plant breeding 2007 global science books male sterility in tomato lycopersicon esculentum mill.
Genome engineering, plant breeding, crisprcas, genetic diversity. History of plant breeding the most rudimentary forms of plant breeding likely originated during the transition of. Because the most reliable system of f 1 seed production is based on cytoplasmic male sterility cms, various types of cms have been developed and adopted in practice to breed brassicaceae oil seed and vegetable crops. Plant breeding is an art and science, which tells us ways and means to change the genetic architecture of plants so as to attain a particular objective. Genetic engineering of male sterility for hybrid seed. Importance of plant breeding, cytological principles of plant breeding, heterosis, inbreeding and its consequences or applications, selfincompatibility in plants, cytoplasmic male sterility, breeding. Plant breeding can be defined as an art, a science, and technology of improving the genetic make up of plants in relation to their economic use for the man kind. Kidwell encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 2. Male sterility in plants going to seed with dan brisebois. Malesterile plants make the breeders job easier by eliminating the risk of unwanted crosspollination and gene flow. Plant male sterility refers to the failure in the production of fertile pollen. Cms systems represent a valuable tool in the production of hybrid seed in selfpollinating crop species, including maize, rice, cotton, and a number of. The present study was undertaken to identify dna markers for the ms locus in a bc 1 population developed from a cross between a. Classification of sterility can be divided into heritable and nonheritable sterility.
Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading principles of plant genetics and breeding. Breeding field crops john milton poehlman, david allen sleper. Male sterile plants were also found in two selfpollenated populations derived from. Plant breeding, or crop genetic improvement, is the production of new, improved crop varieties for use by farmers. Plant breeding is the art and science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics. Male sterility in pearl millet for heterosis breeding. Four to five weeks after treatment with definite dosages a moderate to very high degree of male sterility occurred in the first three crops, while no reduction of growth or flowering could be established. Pdf modern plant breeding is considered a discipline originating from the science of genetics. Male sterility and fertility restoration in crops annual. Genetics and breeding system for cytoplasmic and genetic male.